Based on electrostatic effects, digital microfluidics (DMF) can perform a set of droplet manipulations – generating, transporting, splitting, merging and mixing, incubation, detection, and storage, which is a complete set of processes of liquid handling in bioanalyses. In addition to the advantages associated of channel-based microfluidics such as miniaturization, automation and integration, DMF introduces new benefits like universal device/instrument design, digitization, and parallelism, etc. This, in turn, renders better data quality and repeatability. With reaction volume ranging a few picoliters to tens of microliters, DMF technology offers unprecedented flexibility to bio-analyses, and particularly, to in-vitro diagnostics.